裝載機(jī)冬季如何保養(yǎng)

裝載機(jī)冬季保養(yǎng)必不可少，在裝載機(jī)停止工作的期間，要提前更換相應(yīng)的柴油和潤滑油，那么具體的細(xì)節(jié)該怎么做呢？

一、選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)防凍液

衡量防凍液主要有兩個指標(biāo)：一是冰點(diǎn)，普通型防凍液可達(dá)到—40℃，而優(yōu)質(zhì)防凍液能達(dá)到—60℃左右；二是沸點(diǎn)，防凍液至少應(yīng)達(dá)到108℃。
Antifreeze measure has two main indicators: First, freezing, ordinary type of antifreeze can reach -40 ℃, and quality antifreeze can reach -60 ℃; Second boiling point, antifreeze should reach at least 108 ℃.
二、水泵檢查
有些設(shè)備在更換防凍液后出現(xiàn)機(jī)油內(nèi)有防凍液的現(xiàn)象，這是由于水泵水封老化失效，造成防凍液通過水封進(jìn)入潤滑腔，最終到達(dá)油底殼內(nèi)。因此更換防凍液后應(yīng)密切觀察機(jī)油油位。發(fā)現(xiàn)油位升高，應(yīng)停機(jī)檢查，一般采用更換水泵水封或水泵總成方法。修復(fù)后要在機(jī)器空載怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)下，用新機(jī)油帶走進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)殘留的防凍液，注意：縮短下次更換機(jī)油的間隙時間，以確保發(fā)動機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)正常發(fā)揮功效。
Some devices have appeared in the replacement of antifreeze in the antifreeze oil phenomenon, which is due to the aging of the pump seal failure resulting antifreeze into the lubrication chamber through the seal, and finally to the oil sump. So after replacing antifreeze oil level should be closely observed. Found that the oil level rises, should stop to check, generally used to replace the water pump seal or pump assembly methods. To repair the machine after idling under load, with the new oil into the engine lubrication system away residual antifreeze Note: the next oil change interval shorter time to ensure normal functioning of the engine lubrication system effectiveness.
三、冷卻系統(tǒng)防腐濾芯
冷卻系統(tǒng)防腐濾芯含有離子交換樹脂、防蝕劑、鎂板等添加劑，可以有效保護(hù)有關(guān)部件。離子交換樹脂可防止水垢的形成。防蝕劑可以在冷卻液套中形成防蝕膜以防止氧化。因為鎂的金屬活性比鐵強(qiáng)，冷卻液中的腐蝕性離子首先與鎂板發(fā)生反應(yīng)，有效防止鐵被腐蝕。另外防腐濾芯還能過濾鐵銹、水垢和泥沙。防腐濾芯須與防凍液同期更換，而且防腐濾芯應(yīng)第1000小時（發(fā)動機(jī)工作時間）更換，確保防腐濾芯起到有效保護(hù)作用。
Cooling system corrosion cartridge containing an ion exchange resin, a corrosion inhibitor, and other additives magnesium plate, can effectively protect the relevant member. Ion exchange resin prevents the formation of scale. Corrosion inhibitor film can be formed in the coolant jacket in order to prevent oxidation. Because magnesium metal active than iron, corrosive coolant magnesium ion reaction occurs first plate to effectively prevent corrosion of iron. Another filter can filter corrosion rust, scale and sediment. Preservative filter must be replaced with the same period in antifreeze and corrosion protection filter should first 1000 hours (engine hours) replacement to ensure corrosion protection filters play an effective role.
四、潤滑油選用
應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貧鉁?，結(jié)合潤滑油的凝點(diǎn)、傾點(diǎn)和黏度選用合適的潤滑油。凝點(diǎn)高的潤滑油不能在低溫下使用。相反在氣溫較高的地區(qū)則沒有必要使用凝點(diǎn)低的潤滑油。凝點(diǎn)和傾點(diǎn)都是潤滑油低溫流動性的指標(biāo)，兩者無原則性的性別，只是測定方法稍有不同。同一潤滑油的凝點(diǎn)和傾點(diǎn)并不完全相同，一般傾點(diǎn)都高出凝點(diǎn)2--3℃。
Should be based on the local temperature, combined with oil pour point, pour point and viscosity appropriate choice of lubricants. High pour point oil can not be used at low temperatures. At higher temperatures the opposite region is not necessary to use a low pour point oil. Pour point and the pour point is the indicator of the low temperature fluidity lubricants, there was no gender principle, only slightly different measuring methods. Same oil pour point and pour point are not identical, are generally higher pour point pour point 2 - 3 ℃.
六、設(shè)備三漏檢修
熱脹冷縮現(xiàn)象在液壓系統(tǒng)、氣路、水路的密封件，尤其是橡膠類O型圈、矩型圈等密封件上表現(xiàn)更為明顯，氣溫持續(xù)低于0℃時，機(jī)器會出現(xiàn)漏油、漏氣、漏水現(xiàn)象，特別是氣溫持續(xù)接近-10℃時。在設(shè)備進(jìn)入冬季前要對整機(jī)三漏情況進(jìn)行全面檢修，排除三漏故障和隱患故障。
Thermal expansion and contraction phenomena in the hydraulic system, gas, water seals, especially on the rubber O-ring, rectangular ring seals to become more evident, the temperature remained below 0 ℃, the machine will appear spill , leakage, water leakage, especially when temperatures consistently close to -10 ℃. In front of the whole device into the winter to conduct a comprehensive overhaul of three missing exclude leakage of hidden faults and failures.
七、檢修電氣設(shè)備
冬季老化設(shè)備多發(fā)生啟動困難故障，因此前的換季保養(yǎng)時檢查并更換老化電氣線路和部件是減少啟動困難一個必不可少的舉措，還需徹底檢查保養(yǎng)蓄電池。暖風(fēng)設(shè)備是冬季戶外作業(yè)必不可少的，因此在嚴(yán)冬之前應(yīng)檢查暖風(fēng)設(shè)備工作情況，修復(fù)暖風(fēng)設(shè)備。
Winter aging equipment malfunction occurred difficult to start, so check and replace aging electrical wiring and components are essential to reduce the difficulty in starting a pre-season move when maintenance needs thorough inspection and maintenance batteries. Heating equipment is essential for outdoor work in winter, so you should check before winter heating equipment work, repairing heating equipment.